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Slipped Disc

Understanding the back

The spine is made up of many bones called vertebrae. These are roughly circular and between each vertebra is a ‘disc’. The discs are made of strong ‘rubber-like’ tissue which allows the spine to be fairly flexible. A disc has a stronger fibrous outer part, and a softer jelly-like middle part called the nucleus pulposus.

The spinal cord, which contains the nerves that come from the brain, is protected by the spine. Nerves from the spinal cord come out from between the vertebrae to take and receive messages to various parts of the body..

Who Gets A Slipped Disc?

Bouts of back pain are very common. However, less than 1 in 20 cases of acute (sudden onset) back pain are due to a prolapsed disc. (Most cases on back pain are classed as ’simple low back pain’. This is thought to be caused by a minor problem to a muscle, ligament, or other structure in the back. For example, a strained muscle. See separate leaflet called ‘Low back Pain in Adults’ for a general overview of the different types of back pain.)..

What Are The Symptoms Of A Slipped Disc?

Back pain
The pain is often severe, and usually comes on suddenly. The pain is usually eased by lying down flat, and is often made worse if you move your back, cough, or sneeze.

Nerve root pain (usually ’sciatica’)

Nerve root pain is pain that occurs because a nerve coming from the spinal cord is pressed on (’trapped’) by a prolapsed disc, or is irritated by the inflammation caused by the prolapsed disc. Although the problem is in the back, you feel pain along the course of the nerve in addition to back pain. Therefore, you may feel pain down a leg to the calf or foot. Nerve root pain can range from mild to severe, but it is often worse than the back pain. With a prolapsed disc, the sciatic nerve is the most commonly affected nerve. (The term ’sciatica’ means nerve root pain of the sciatic nerve.) The sciatic nerve is a large nerve that is made up from several smaller nerves that come out from the spinal cord in the lower back. It travels deep inside the buttock and down the back of the leg. There is a sciatic nerve for each leg.

Some people do not have symptoms

Research studies where routine back scans have been done on a large number of people have shown that some people have a prolapsed disc without any symptoms. It is thought that symptoms mainly occur if the prolapse causes pressure or irritation of a nerve. This does not happen in all cases. Some prolapses may be small, or occur away from the nerves and cause minor, or no symptoms.

The benefits

The operation should stop the pain in your leg. If you have some weakness in your leg this should improve.

Physical Therapy

As part of your treatment programme, you may be referred to a physiotherapist. A physiotherapist will be able to draw up an individually tailored exercise plan for you. This will keep you active, minimise pain, and help prevent any further damage being caused to your back.

See the Health A-Z topic about Physiotherapy for more information.

You might also be referred to an osteopath or a chiropractor. An osteopath uses a mix of gentle, and forceful, massage techniques to help reduce pain and swelling. A chiropractor uses careful manipulation of the joints and muscles to help relieve pain.

Treatment

The symptoms arising from the first attack of a slipped disc settle down over the first 6 weeks and half of the remainder will settle over the next 6 weeks. Treatment during this period is focused upon reducing the irritation with anti-inflammatory drugs (Steroids or Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy such as Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Acemethacin) and correcting posture and maintaining mobility by using Muscle Balance Physiotherapy..

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